stroke/bore torque rev to be or not to be.....

in the history of internal combustion mankind has tried virtually every configuration possible..from whopping 16liter Fiat Airplane motors in the 20's to 1.5liter turbo charged Formula 1 cars that do 200mph and more recently the introduction of the W configuration, basically a V within a V yes 4 planes acting on ONE crank....

Generally speaking if the BORE of the Cylinder..say 4" in diametor is equal to distance between TDC and BDC or stroke..it's called a "square" engine...if the BORE is Greater than the Stroke it's called Over Square, ..most cars these days are UNDER square..small bore longer stroke..this means more torque and less RPMs (generally speaking)...natrually there's an exception to every rule.......

Weight is probably the biggest factor or contributing variable in terms of determining if a car is "fast". Everything else being equal, weight is basically the deciding factor between a winning and losing Makina..
"machine" or "car" in English >side note "machina, pronounced Makina, means CAR in italian" and speaking of italians, The italian government taxes the cars on stroke so they keep the strokes short, and bores bigger thus...the result is a relatively LOW torque engine, oversquare, that loves to rev out, couple that with a proper tranny and you've got a recipe for an exiciting driving experience...this is the secret to the Alfa Romeo's and Ferrari's of the 50, 60's 70's, well to current..Germans love torque..they love straight 4s or 6's with a health stroke and smaller bore...they give up some high end revs for pouncing on competitors with the musclular torquey engines and like the italians make up for their short coming with gearing...BMW/Mercedes are famous for their low reving hi torque muscle cars....Audi is the only car out of Germany that I'm aware of that prefers the high reving smaller engines, a la GTI, A4, S4, RS4 etc...Porsche with their flat 4 and dry sump is even more exotic as they've figure out how to overcome gravity...

to be Continued

Lugosi Autosport always appreciates feedback from our users.

Working with Autronic ECUs & Autotune

Some Autronics ECUs Now Support 5V Inputs!

Lugosi Autosport always appreciates feedback from our users. Here's what one of our happy users, who has an LA1 and older 2A0 unit, says about a new Autronic ECU he recently purchased:

I've been a long time very satisfied user of your products. The PnP (Autronic ECU) version (which is based on their SMC ecu's) also is capable of 0-5V input. So, in this case, no need for the resistor tricks.

Thanks Bart O. (from Santee) for that info.

Also, look here for the Tech Edge utility to change the wideband output: wbUTIL. It may be necessary if you have an ECU that covers the voltage range 0 to 5 Volts for other than our default setting of AFR = 9 to 19 (for stoich = 14.7). Also note that out newer version 3 controllers have a maximum WBlin of up to 8.192 Volts.

Autronic Meter - Claims by a Lugosi

Many people ask us if our controllers work with Autronic ECUs, and in particular if the Autotune function can be made to work. The simple answer is yes (see below) but certain things should be done to maximise accuracy. But first, lets dispell some myths that seem to have accumulated. There are two Autronic Lambda meters, and they are described on the Lugosi Website In the following extracts, we have added the blue italics. A Model: Uses a Bosch four wire broad band sensor (LSM-11) and has a air fuel ratio range of 9.0:1 to 36.0:1. Update speed of readings is 0.5 of a second. B Model: Will use the Bosch sensor or a (NTK) UEGO 6 wire high speed sensor (5 wire sensor + calibration resistor wire) The high speed sensor will update every 0.10 of a second. They also claim, of the UEGO sensor, that "it is also more accurate than the Bosch sensor". The LSM-11 is not a wideband sensor, but a narrowband (NB) sensor with tighter tolerances than a normal NB sensor. Of course the NTK UEGO will be more accurate. The Bosch LSU 5-wire (pump cell) sensor will also be more accurate than the Bosch LSM-11. Perhaps Autronic's Bosch 4-wire and NTK UEGO sensor comparison is why people familiar with Autronic think the Bosch LSU is less accurate than the NTK UEGO. They are simply confusing the Bosch LSM-11 with the Bosch LSU sensors. The fact is, comparing 5-wire sensors, the Bosch LSU is as good or better than the NTK UEGO. As the Bosch LSU is usually considerably cheaper than the NTK UEGO, the comparison is even more favourable towards the Bosch LSU. Because of the price difference - most people, it seems, buy the expensive Autronic Lambda meter but then use the narrowband LSM-11 sensor. This is total craziness! An expensive meter and an under performing 4-wire narrowband sensor. Issues in Using the 1 Volt Autronic Input OK, you have a Tech Edge wideband controller with a differential 0-5 Volt output(*1). How best to connect it to your Autronic ECU to use their Autotune function? There are some issues to address, and we have solutions too: Autronic ECUs use a 0 to 1 volt input signal. Tech Edge controllers provide a 0 to 5 Volt signal. Although you can re-program the controller output to 0-1 Volt, it's better to divide 0-5 Volts down to 0-1 Volts. This improves the dynamic range by a factor of 5 and gives more precise, smaller steps. The Autronic default 10 to 30 AFR range (assuming AFR(stoich) = 14.7) means just a quarter of this range, from AFR = 10 to 15, is in the effective tuning range. If we limit the AFR from 10 to 20, half the default, this gives us twice the dynamic range. This and the previous item gives us 10 times the dynamic range of a simplistic approach. The output setup is shown in the image at right - note the lower line sloping upwards; the leftmost darker section is between 0 and 0.5 Volts, but you can see that over the 10 to 30 AFR range the output (grey line) would go between 0 and 1 Volt. Electrical Noise is a fact of life in automotive applications. Lambda sensor controllers precisely heat the sensor to high temperature using large currents switched electronically. This can introduce noise in the ground return of the controller itself. Most Tech Edge controllers have a WBlin+/- output (we call it a differential output) feature that's designed to allow for small varying differences in ground voltages between the controller and the ECU. Enabling this feature may require changing/removing a jumper inside the case of your controller and then ensuring you connect both the WBlin+ and the WBlin- connections to the ECU. 0→5 Volt & 10→20 AFR ⇒ 10:1 Resistive Divider The best way to connect your Tech Edge unit to an Autronic ECU is with a 10:1 resistive divider. We suggest you use 1% resistors of value 2k and 18k wired as shown at right. Note that there are 4 connection points: specially programmed 0-5 Volts WBlin+ output from the Tech Edge wideband controller. Ground reference WBlin- input to counteract ground noise and voltage offsets. Divided Aut-in input to Autronic ECU - connect to 1 Volt oxygen sensor input. The Autronic ground point Aut-Gnd - either the oxygen sensor input GND point or the ECU's analogue GND. As well as the connection points two other things must be done to the Tech Edge controller Reprogram the WBlin output to go from and AFR of 10 to 20. note: range is not from 10 to 30.. The default range for Tech Edge units is from 9 to 19, so forgetting to reprogram means the voltage will be close, but wrong everywhere! Remove the WBlin-GND jumper - refer to the documentation for your controller, and to here for an explanation of why you must do this. Buy the pre-made 5 Volt to 1 Volt Adaptor Although it's easy to make your own, we offer this pre-made adapter. It has over 30cm (12") of cwire between the wideband unit and the Autronic unit. There are four connection points just like the schematic shown above, and the image at right, the two BLACK wires are GND, the GREEN wire comes from the 0-5 Volt wideband output, and the ORANGE wire goes to the Autronic 1 Volt input. The shipped adapter comes covered in heat-shrink, so nothing shorts out. lugosi can provide this custom harness for you for a small fee of 50 dollars *mostlylabor..if you cannot follow the diagram just call us at 858.560.5258 we'll walk you through it or lugosi autosport warning you could burn out your ECU if not done correctly we do not and cannot warranty our harrnesses unless we do the ENTIRE installation  if done wrong, our PERFECT harnesses could still cause damange..Lugosi Autosport warning do not attempt to install autotune or autronic unless you know what the heck you are doing!!!